If humanity's fervent desire is immortality, then it must strive to achieve it, perhaps additionally resolving global problems and fully utilizing its potential to fulfill its destiny. Might it be that if it fails to achieve this, it will be obliterated or lose its prominent position on the planet during the accelerating development of technology, which seems to have become autonomous?

In order to defend its supremacy against artificial intelligence, does humanity have a duty to upgrade itself physically, intellectually, and morally, potentially evolving into a cybernetic organism?

This study is the first work in Greek on the philosophy of human enhancement. It represents a multi-layered introduction to this within the framework of transhumanism and technical posthumanism—two complex heterogeneous streams concerning philosophical anthropology, philosophy of technology, and philosophy of mind.

By discussing their similarities and differences, it demonstrates how they advocate for the radical enhancement of humanity by uniting various problematic issues from diverse fields such as medicine, social sciences, physics, cognitive science, neurotechnology, computer science, molecular biology, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence research.

The study identifies the origins of transhumanism and technical posthumanism to present their evolution, emphasizing both their theoretical sources and the economic and social conditions that contributed to their dissemination. It clarifies the types and forms of radical human enhancement they promote based on their scientific validity, but primarily in terms of their ethical and political implications, providing critical analysis of the arguments of their main representatives.

Rejecting transhumanism and technical posthumanism as anti-humanist ideologies, the book outlines a philosophy of human enhancement from the perspective of the digital.