The rapid development of biotechnology and genetics allows humans to intervene decisively in their nature. Such "interventions" raise relentless biological, social, legal, political, religious, and economic questions that seek clear answers; the responsibility for decisions is weighty and interdisciplinary knowledge of Bioethics is necessary and imperative.
What are the "rights" in abortion? How does euthanasia relate to autonomy? Do we know the ethical dimension of suicide? What kind of relationship does a doctor have with his patient? When is therapeutic cloning allowed and when is reproductive cloning allowed? Is experimentation on human embryos legitimate? Under what conditions is assisted reproduction implemented? What are the results of human organ transplantation? Is prenatal testing necessary? How does classical thought relate to the art of medicine in modern clinical medical practice?
The science of Bioethics is the philosophical examination of the principles and rules that should govern the sciences and technologies of life. It has developed only in the last 30 years, however, its roots are found in ancient Greek medicine and philosophy. Although the modern doctor has the final say, the saying of the ancient Greek medical philosopher remains extremely relevant: "the best doctor must also be an excellent philosopher".

The texts included:

The character of medicine and ethical knowledge
- Robert Bartz, "Remembering the Hippocratics: knowledge, practice, and ethos in ancient Greek doctor-healers"
- Ronald Polansky, "Is medicine an art, a science, or practical wisdom? Ancient and modern reflections"
- Kathryn Montgomery, "Care and the misdescription of medicine: against the inaugural address of medical school"
- David Thomasma, "Aristotle, phronesis, and postmodern bioethics"
- Tod Chambers, "Confessions of an unrepentant sophist"
- Julia E. Annas, "Philosophical therapy: ancient and modern"

The heuristic value of classical approaches
- Alex John London, "Thrasymachus and the management of care: how not to think about the art of medicine"
- Christopher Megone, "Potentiality and persons: an Aristotelian perspective"
- Mark G. Kuczewski, "Can communitarianism end the acute and endless public debates?"
- Daryl M. Tress, "Classical and contemporary reflections on medical ethics and the best interests of the sick child"
- Christopher E. Cosans, "Facing death stoically: Epictetus on suicide in case of illness"
- Georgios Anagnostopoulos, "Euthanasia and the role of the doctor: reflections on some aspects of ancient Greek tradition"
- Eleni Kalokairinou, "Epilogue"