The main subject of this book is Islamic modernism, the contribution of reformist Islam thinkers, and its current version, Islamic liberalism. Reformist and liberal Islam constitutes a contemporary reinterpretation of Islam, consistent with modernity and its principles (popular sovereignty, democratic governance, human rights, secularization, a state not based on religion or retrogressive Islamic law). This new Islam responds to today's reality, with Muslims able to become creative citizens of the modern world without losing their Islamic identity or compromising their faith. The nemesis of Islamic liberalism is, of course, Islamism and Islamic fundamentalism with their obscurantist, retrogressive, and anti-democratic positions that harm Islam and Muslims. In addition to Islamic liberalism and its enemy, fundamentalism, the book also covers the following themes: the stereotypical image of Islam in the West, the distinctive elements of Islam as a religion, classical Islamic philosophy and its enemies at the time, Islamic modernism (19th century-early 20th) and its enemies, and the problematic relationship of Islam with human rights