The world we live in is characterized as a "knowledge society." What does this cliché mean? The answer is not simple, as it is a cliché permeated by various ideological currents with complex designations: meta-, inter-, neo-, etc. How did all this come about? These currents seek anthropological meanings beneath the rust of an old dichotomy. What are the current expressions of the nature-culture opposition? Finally, the political thought and social critique of our time oscillate, against the backdrop of political correctness, between emotions and ethics. What are the origins of the current ideological expressions and oppositions? Here are the questions of the research presented in this book. The author seeks the answers with the help of the sociology of knowledge. He focuses on the conceptual change that took place during the period 1990-2010 and particularly on the relationships between the rearrangements of the academic field and the modifications of the division of labor of dominance. By investigating the results of certain social theories with a critical orientation, he proposes a model of interpretive explanation of the ongoing processes and, at the same time, highlights the social contents of the so-called "knowledge society."