It is worth mentioning that vitamin B12 as Methylcobalamine, folic acid as Quatrefolic®, and vitamin B6 as Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate constitute the active form of vitamins with high bioavailability.
Additionally, choline is an important nutrient required for the production of compounds found in cell membranes such as phosphatidylcholine, and it plays a significant role in brain function and the nervous system. It is found in high amounts in foods such as liver, eggs, wheat germ, soybeans, and pork.
Furthermore, choline contributes to the normal metabolism of fat and homocysteine, while also contributing to normal liver function, with beneficial effects achieved with an intake of 82.5 mg of choline. *
Inositol is a widely distributed polyol and participates in many physiological functions of the human body. It is produced endogenously and is present in various foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, meat, fish, eggs, milk, etc. Mechanistically, inositol chelates metals such as copper and iron, thus contributing to antioxidant protection. **
Finally, betaine is a derivative of choline and is characterized by its ability to transfer methyl groups to homocysteine to form methionine. It is found in high concentrations in foods such as bran and wheat germ, spinach, shrimp, and whole wheat bread. Betaine contributes to the normal metabolism of homocysteine, with beneficial effects achieved with a daily intake of 1.5 g of betaine. *
*Official health claims from EFSA
**The information is based on published studies and articles published in reputable scientific journals and does not constitute official health claims from EFSA. For more information, refer to the "Warnings – Labeling" and "Bibliography" sections.