This study (which was approved with distinction as a doctoral dissertation by the Faculty of Philosophy of the University of Athens) focuses on an original, groundbreaking modern Greek ideological movement, Communitarianism. Communitarian ideas, which are currently at the forefront of public discourse in the USA thanks to the work of A. Etzioni, had already appeared in Greece at the beginning of the last century. The modern Greek communitarian stream of ideas is mainly expressed by four thinkers: Ion Dragoumis, who first promoted communities as cells of the social and political life of the nation; Konstantinos Karavidas, who presented a comprehensive communitarian worldview; Dinos Malouhos, who published the radical magazine 'Community' during the interwar period; and Demosthenes Daniilidis, who historically justified communities with his sociological work. These thinkers do not form a school in the strict sense of the term, due to their strong individuality. However, the interactions between them were strong, on both a personal and ideological level, as well as their elective affinities. The author therefore studies and analyzes the internal structure of this stream of ideas, its position in the world of modern Greek thought, its political expressions and alliances, and its various short-term and long-term effects. The distortions these ideas suffered due to ideological or personal motives are also examined. In addition to the systematic cataloging and classification of the work of Greek communitarians and the utilization of previously unknown primary material, the reader will find in this study a complete, original biography of K. Karavidas, demonstrating the consistency between his ideas and his life; the unknown personality of Dinos Malouhos, who began as a Marxist student of agronomy in Italy, was converted to communitarianism by Karavidas, yet transferred significant elements of Marxism into communitarian thought, only to die very young at the age of thirty-one; the experiential relationship of D. Daniilidis with communitarianism, as the starting point of his tumultuous life was the Greek communities of Cappadocia; Dragoumis' attempt to apply his communitarian views in Macedonia during the Macedonian Struggle and in Constantinople during the Young Turk Revolution; the development by communitarians of original methodological and conceptual tools for the proper approach to modern Greek reality; an extremely original and radical critique of modern Greek political and intellectual life; finally, an interesting comparison of modern Greek communitarianism with corresponding European and American streams of ideas, highlighting the uniqueness of the modern Greek model, which is due to the influence of the ideal of the ancient Greek city-state as well as the absence of Western-type industrial transformation from Greek social evolution. [Excerpt from the text on the back cover of the edition]