This book is one of the key reference works in the field of world history in international literature. Written by one of the foremost experts on the subject, it deals with the rise and fall of empires from the early 15th century to the late 20th century. It also explains the influence of geography, the role of sea routes and trade, the significance of rapidly evolving technology, networks, economy, and the dynamics of societies – all issues that are gaining even more importance today. Maintaining a truly global perspective, it examines the emerging Europe of modern times, the Islamic world with an emphasis on the Ottoman Empire, China (its peak of power as well as its crisis in the 19th century), India, the expansion of Russia, European colonialism, the rise of the USA, the emergence of Japan on the global stage, the increasing role of Africa in international affairs (albeit as a recipient of the power of others), decolonization and the rise of the Global South, and discusses the emergence of "informal" empires in the post-war era. An author distinguished for the clarity and charm of his writing, John Darwin delivers a work that has already been recognized as a classic and will remain so for many more years.