This book deals with the major problem of climate change in the post-industrial era. Specifically, it examines the natural and anthropogenic causes of global warming, the global climate trends of recent decades, and the predictions for the future based on the RCP scenarios of the latest report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). At the same time, it studies the impacts on natural ecosystems, as well as on critical areas such as agricultural production, food security, and public health. The book is aimed at students in the departments of Agriculture, Forestry, Physics, and Environmental Engineering in the country and has been written with the aim of filling the significant gap in contemporary Greek literature on this particular subject.