Adoption, as a social institution, aims to protect children whose parents are unable to care for them. It deeply affects many population groups and evokes strong emotions of love, affection, dedication, social contribution, as well as abandonment, frustration, grief, and conflict. Adoption is a changing institution in terms of its philosophy, principles, and practices, and it evolves over time according to the social and cultural context of each country. In our era, the laws, policies, and practices governing adoption tend to have elements of globalization, with a focus on safeguarding the rights of minors. These issues, as well as specific topics related to the preparation of all parties involved in a child's adoption, the biological family, the adoptive parents, the adoption agency, the adoption of children with special needs, and older children, intercountry and interracial adoptions, post-adoption counseling and support services, the search for roots by adoptees, and more, are developed in this book. The texts, written clearly and with examples from experienced scientists, serve as a source of information and reflection for the reader, professionals, students, parents, adoption program agencies, politicians, and anyone interested in the developments and practices in adoption in Greece and internationally.