For those who grew up in Greek-speaking Pontic families, the word Bafralis sounds almost offensive because, as synonymous with Turkophone, it implies the questionable purity of the Pontians. For those who also grew up in EAM-supporting families, Bafralis again has a negative meaning, the word is synonymous with a collaborator of the Germans and a persecutor of EAM. As a consequence, the Bafralis are associated with something else: faith in the parties of national-mindedness and the Right. Ultimately, everyone agrees that "Bafralis and leftist do not mix"! The work examines why the Turkophone Pontians were identified post-war with the parties of the Right, even though in the interwar period their political identity was similar to that of other refugees: Venizelism. It is noteworthy, therefore, that in the harsh post-war years, the stronghold of "national-mindedness" in Macedonia became people who did not speak Greek! This shift has its roots in the tragic experiences of the Occupation and the Civil War, experiences that created a strong political identity. The book brings to light events that have been underestimated, such as the importance of ethnic identities in shaping conflicts in Macedonia in 1943-44 and the pivotal role of local elites. For the first time, the social base, motives, and content of a form of collaboration with the Occupation forces are investigated, as well as the extent of EAM's repressive violence. The book approaches the issue of political identities from the perspective of political science, but combines methods, hypotheses, and conclusions from the fields of history, sociology, social anthropology, and social psychology. [Excerpt from the text on the back cover of the edition]