This book contributes to the study of the factors driving the development of shipping in our country, particularly in the field of Human Resource Management, as it examines and evaluates the role of Greek seafarers in enhancing the competitiveness of Greek shipping companies. The authors believe that this field requires systematic scientific research and documentation, as Greek seafarers continue to play a significant role in the development of Greek shipping both internationally and nationally. Taking into account the structural characteristics of Greek shipping and the Greek maritime workforce, European experience, and the conditions shaping the global maritime labor market, the book attempts, with an interdisciplinary approach, to show that assessing the real cost of maritime labor requires adopting a rational approach that considers both payroll costs and the qualitative characteristics of seafarers, which ultimately shape their productivity and effectiveness. In this context, the authors argue that evaluating the contribution of Greek seafarers to the international competitiveness of Greek shipping requires examining their payroll costs in light of their productivity and efficiency and their contribution to the more effective long-term performance of ships and businesses. Recognizing the need to maintain and increase the number of Greek seafarers in combination with the continuous improvement of the quality of their work, the authors analyze the different approaches currently applied by shipping companies regarding the management of their maritime workforce and propose a framework of policy measures that strengthen the maritime profession and further the sustainable competitive development of Greek shipping in international markets.