This volume includes what remains of the works of two great geographers of antiquity, Pytheas of Massalia and Artemidorus of Ephesus. Pytheas was the first explorer to travel to the polar regions, reaching the legendary Thule (traditionally identified with present-day Iceland). This volume includes, for the first time, the ancient text and the modern Greek translation of the so-called Papyrus of Artemidorus, a papyrus fragment discovered in 1998 that describes the coasts of the Iberian Peninsula, including its oceanic coasts, beyond the Pillars of Hercules. The text has sparked intense disagreement among scholars, as some accept its authenticity while others consider it a forgery of modern times. The volume contains numerous explanatory maps, where the described ancient names are located, so that the reader can have an image of the exact position of the locations described in the text. It also includes a very detailed index of the main names encountered in the texts.